The History of Jolly Roger Pirate Flag

We often see on TV pirate ships generally use the flag with a picture of a skull as a symbol of his greatness. Actually what the intent and meaning of the symbol is, how well its history?
When viewed from the history of this flag raising, there are a variety of purposes and intent when a ship flying the flag of the skull. Jolly Roger, the name of the flag. There are various stories about the origins of the name itself.
Perhaps the name is a play on the English tongue when he heard people speaking French "Jollie Rouge" (The Red is Beautiful). First images of the skull painted on a red flag. The flag is also used by the Knights Templar in the 13-14 century to mark the ships belonged to the Knights Templar. This is because the knights Templar believe, that the resurrection of their souls to remain will be able to continue the eternal battle with two segments represented by the skull and bones their arms.
Some say, maybe the name of Jolly Roger is taken from the first king of Sicily to the fleet flying the flag ship Templar in 1127, the King Roger II. Another opinion, the name was taken from a play on the English tongue to call "Ali Raja", a pirate Tamil origin.
In addition, there are some other opinions about the origin of the name of Jolly Roger. There are several forms of design. There is a picture of the skull with two crossed swords, there is a picture tegkorak side view, also drawing a skull with a variety of accessories.
Use of this flag by the pirates is to provide a signal to the ship prospective prey to get ready. The flag is then painted with black background are intended to give up the ship because the prey if it does not give up, then the pirates knew no mercy (no quarter, no mercy). If the ship prey to survive, then the black flag (black jack) is lowered, replaced the red flag (red jack), which means the blood will soon flow without mercy.
Military units are also fly the flag was to symbolize success and victory in the task, courage in the face of danger, and fortitude to the end. For example, in World War II submarine units of the United Kingdom and Australia fly the flag of the skull at the harbor entrance as a sign of success of a mission as well as courage in battle. Units of the Waffen SS division 33 (Tottenkopf) also use this skull emblem.
In the gulf war, the British warship that had fired tomahawk missiles, namely HMS Trafalgar, HMS Triumph, HMS Turbulent returned to base by flying the flag of the skull. To interpret these flags flutter, can be derived from the meaning contained in the history of the vessel flying. One that can be used as the meaning is raising is carried by ships which returned to base by bringing the success or the success of their mission.
These missions are challenging mission of danger, full of courage, and heroic character. It was such a fluttering flag of the skull during World War II and during the Gulf war.

5 Types of Chemical Weapons

Here it is five most dangerous type of chemical weapon that became a frightening specter of fighting that could cause a terrible effect, if applied to the missile, rocket, bomb, grenade, broken arms and landmines:
1. VX: harmful toxins in the form of liquid and vapor, can invade the central nervous system. This chemical is considered 100 times more toxic through skin than a touch of nerves, and twice as dangerous through breathing. VX can cause death within minutes of exposure. Chemicals that kill by attacking the muscle that is controlled in an active state so that the muscles are tired and can not breathe anymore.
2. Sulfur Mustards: Bubbles and intermediary alkali elements. This chemical is colorless in a pure state, but generally colored yellow to brown and a little mustard or garlic smell. Sulfur Mustards cause sores on the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. There is no antidote for sulfur mustard poisoning, the only effective way is to reduce the contamination of all areas affected. Ten milligrams of a chemical that can kill its victim.
3. Sarin:Highly toxic components in the form of liquid or gas, attacks the central nervous system and can cause death within minutes of exposure. This material enters the body through breathing, digestion, eyes and skin.
4. Chlorine:Greenish yellow gas with a pungent odor that is heavier than air. This material reacts with various organic materials, causing fire and loud explosions. Corrosive effect on the eyes and skin. The spread through the air causing difficulty breathing and pulmonary edema. Exposed to high levels can cause death.
5. HydroGen Cyanide:Highly flammable, colorless liquid or gas form. In the state fire spreading poison and can trigger an explosion. Can irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. This material may attack the central nervous system so that circulation is not working.

Early History of the Zionist Movement

Gunpowder smoke billowing high into the air Gaza. Blood continued to spill. As if this unbelievable land described in the story of the prophets. Historian, published in the journal in 2009, Ritchie Ovendale explain the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Former professor of international politics University of Wales, England, is declared, the anti-Semitism as a term that emerged in Europe in 1860 became the forerunners of the movement of the Jews.
In Russia, anti-Semitic attitudes are called pogroms. Dreyfus period marks the European Jewish immigration, then settled in Canada, Britain, Australia, and South Africa.
Some had immigrated to the Ottoman Empire, namely the Palestinians. Landed its biggest amount in the U.S.. The idea of 'homeland' for Jews hooped the first time by Leon Pinsker in 1882 through the book Auto-Emancipation. Its meaning is understood as a 're-establishment' Jewish homeland in Palestine, or Eretz-Israel.
The first used the word Zionists Nathan Birnbaum in an article in 1886. Politically, adopted Zionism Theodore Herzl in his writings, Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), published in Vienna, Austria, in 1896.
Herzl had two choices homeland locations, namely Argentina or Palestine. Argentina, according to Herzl, had a rich natural conditions, large areas, small population, and weather. But, the choice then fell to the Palestinians, relying on the Old Testament as the promised land (The Promised Land).
The first Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897 followed by Max Nordau tactical maneuvers to change the terms of this homeland into heimmstatte, which was adopted as a synonym for state. After that, came the World Zionist Organisation, the flag state, Hatiqva as the national anthem, and the Jewish National Fund. Herzl last breath in 1904.
He was like a glorified myth that respectable supporting Zionism. At the end of the conference in Basel, he noted in diarinya that in Basel, he managed to establish a Jewish state. Half a century later, people realize the ambitions into reality.